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🪖 Inglés básico (nivel A2)

Basic English (level A2): the CEFR framework

This module covers basic English at level A2 within the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR / MCER) of the Council of Europe. The framework sets out six levels: A1 and A2 (basic users), B1 and B2 (independent users) and C1 and C2 (proficient users). Level A2 is named "Waystage" and identifies a basic user. According to the global scale, an A2 user "can understand sentences and frequently used expressions" about familiar areas (personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment) and "can communicate in simple and routine tasks" requiring a direct exchange of information on familiar matters.

Verb tenses: present, past and future

The present simple describes habits, general truths and states; the third person singular adds -s/-es ("She works") and negatives use don't/doesn't. The present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) describes actions happening now or temporary situations; stative verbs such as like, know, want are not used in this tense. The past simple refers to finished actions: regular verbs add -ed, while irregular verbs change form (go → went, have → had, be → was/were); negatives and questions use did. The future uses will for predictions, decisions and offers, and be going to for plans and intentions. The present perfect (have/has + past participle) links past actions to the present.

Prepositions and articles

For prepositions of time, the rule is at for clock times (at 6 o'clock), on for days and dates (on Monday) and in for months, years and seasons (in July). For place, in marks enclosed spaces, on marks surfaces and at marks specific points. The three articles are the definite the (specific or known things), the indefinite a/an (singular countable nouns: a before a consonant sound, an before a vowel sound) and the zero article (uncountable or general plural nouns).

Comparatives, modals and questions

One-syllable adjectives form the comparative with -er + than and the superlative with the ... -est; longer adjectives use more and the most. Common irregular forms are good–better–best and bad–worse–worst. Modal verbs do not change form and are followed by the bare infinitive:

Questions invert the subject and auxiliary or use do/does/did; wh- words (what, where, when, who, why, how) open information questions.

Vocabulary, phrasal verbs and reading comprehension

A2 vocabulary covers everyday fields such as family, jobs, food, the home, weather, days and months (always written with a capital letter in English). Phrasal verbs combine a verb with a particle, changing the meaning: get up (rise), turn off (switch off), look for (search), find out (discover), give up (quit). For reading comprehension, the CEFR states that an A2 user "can understand short, simple texts" and "can find specific, predictable information" in everyday material such as notices, menus, timetables, adverts and short personal letters, identifying the main idea and locating details by scanning.

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Preguntas de muestra (35)

1. Complete the sentence: "Water ____ at 100 degrees."

  1. boils
  2. boil
  3. is boiling
  4. boiled

El present simple expresa verdades generales y, en tercera persona del singular (it = water), se añade -s: "Water boils at 100 degrees".

2. Choose the correct third person singular form: "She ____ TV every evening."

  1. watches
  2. watch
  3. watching
  4. watched

En tercera persona del singular (she) el present simple añade -es a los verbos terminados en -ch: "She watches TV".

3. Complete the negative sentence: "He ____ work here."

  1. doesn't
  2. don't
  3. isn't
  4. aren't

La negativa del present simple para he/she/it usa el auxiliar doesn't (does not) + forma base: "He doesn't work here".

4. Complete the question: "____ she speak English?"

  1. Does
  2. Do
  3. Is
  4. Are

La interrogativa del present simple para he/she/it se forma con Does + sujeto + forma base: "Does she speak English?".

5. Where does the adverb go? "I ____ get up early."

  1. always
  2. get always
  3. get up always early
  4. always early

Los adverbios de frecuencia (always, usually, often...) se colocan antes del verbo principal: "I always get up early".

6. Complete correctly: "She ____ late for work."

  1. is always
  2. always is
  3. is always being
  4. always

Con el verbo to be, el adverbio de frecuencia se coloca después del verbo: "She is always late".

7. Complete the sentence: "They ____ football now."

  1. are playing
  2. play
  3. plays
  4. played

El present continuous (to be + verbo en -ing) expresa acciones que ocurren ahora: "They are playing football now".

8. Which time marker is typical of the present continuous?

  1. at the moment
  2. every day
  3. yesterday
  4. last week

Marcadores típicos del present continuous son now, at the moment, these days, this week. "Every day" y "yesterday/last week" corresponden a present simple y past simple.

9. Choose the correct sentence:

  1. I know the answer.
  2. I am knowing the answer.
  3. I am know the answer.
  4. I knowing the answer.

Los verbos de estado (know, like, want, understand...) no se usan normalmente en present continuous; van en present simple: "I know the answer".

10. A teacher writes: "She ____ coffee, but right now she ____ tea." Choose the best option.

  1. likes / is drinking
  2. is liking / drinks
  3. likes / drinks
  4. is liking / is drinking

"Like" es verbo de estado y va en present simple (likes); la acción en curso ahora va en present continuous (is drinking): "She likes coffee, but right now she is drinking tea".

11. Complete the sentence: "I ____ in an office last year."

  1. worked
  2. work
  3. working
  4. works

El past simple de los verbos regulares se forma añadiendo -ed: work → worked. "Last year" es marcador de pasado.

12. What is the past simple of "go"?

  1. went
  2. goed
  3. gone
  4. going

"Go" es un verbo irregular: su past simple es "went".

13. What is the past simple of "buy"?

  1. bought
  2. buyed
  3. buy
  4. buying

"Buy" es irregular: su past simple es "bought".

14. What is the past simple of "see"?

  1. saw
  2. seed
  3. seen
  4. sawed

"See" es irregular: su past simple es "saw" (el participio es "seen").

15. What is the past simple of "think"?

  1. thought
  2. thinked
  3. thinks
  4. thinking

"Think" es irregular: su past simple es "thought".

16. Complete: "They ____ here yesterday."

  1. were
  2. was
  3. are
  4. is

El verbo to be en pasado usa "were" para you, we, they: "They were here".

17. Complete: "I ____ tired after the trip."

  1. was
  2. were
  3. am
  4. be

El verbo to be en pasado usa "was" para I, he, she, it: "I was tired".

18. Complete the negative: "I ____ to the party."

  1. didn't go
  2. didn't went
  3. don't go
  4. not went

La negativa del past simple usa didn't (did not) + forma base para todas las personas; el verbo principal vuelve a la base: "I didn't go".

19. Complete the question: "____ you see the film?"

  1. Did
  2. Do
  3. Was
  4. Were

La interrogativa del past simple se forma con Did + sujeto + forma base: "Did you see it?".

20. Which time expression is used with the past simple?

  1. yesterday
  2. now
  3. every day
  4. at the moment

El past simple se usa con marcadores como yesterday, last week, last year, two days ago, in 2010.

21. Complete: "I ____ when he called."

  1. was reading
  2. read
  3. reads
  4. am reading

El past continuous (was/were + -ing) expresa una acción en progreso en el pasado interrumpida por otra: "I was reading when he called".

22. How is the past continuous formed?

  1. was/were + verb-ing
  2. did + base form
  3. have/has + past participle
  4. will + base form

El past continuous se forma con was/were + verbo en -ing.

23. Complete the prediction: "It ____ rain tomorrow."

  1. will
  2. is
  3. does
  4. has

El futuro con "will" se usa para predicciones: "It will rain tomorrow". Will + forma base, igual para todas las personas.

24. What is the negative form of "will"?

  1. won't
  2. willn't
  3. don't will
  4. not will

La negativa de "will" es "won't" (will not).

25. Your friend's bag is heavy. You make a spontaneous offer. Which is best?

  1. I'll help you.
  2. I help you.
  3. I am helping you.
  4. I helped you.

Para decisiones espontáneas y ofrecimientos se usa "will": "I'll help you".

26. Complete the plan: "I ____ visit my aunt next weekend."

  1. am going to
  2. will going to
  3. go to
  4. am go to

Para planes e intenciones ya decididos se usa "be going to": to be + going to + forma base: "I am going to visit my aunt".

27. "Look at the clouds — it ____ rain." Choose the best option (prediction based on present evidence).

  1. is going to
  2. will
  3. goes to
  4. rains

Para predicciones con evidencia presente se usa "be going to": "Look at the clouds — it's going to rain".

28. You have a fixed arrangement. Which sentence is most natural? "I ____ John at 5 o'clock tomorrow."

  1. am meeting
  2. meet
  3. will meet
  4. met

El present continuous se usa para arreglos o citas concretas con fecha: "I am meeting John at 5 o'clock tomorrow".

29. How is the present perfect formed?

  1. have/has + past participle
  2. will + base form
  3. was/were + -ing
  4. do/does + base form

El present perfect se forma con have/has + participio pasado: "She has finished her work".

30. Complete: "I ____ London." (experience, no specific time)

  1. have visited
  2. visited yesterday
  3. am visiting
  4. will visit

El present perfect expresa experiencias pasadas sin tiempo concreto: "I have visited London".

31. Which word is a typical marker of the present perfect?

  1. already
  2. yesterday
  3. tomorrow
  4. last week

Marcadores típicos del present perfect: ever, never, already, yet, just, since, for. "Yesterday" y "last week" son del past simple.

32. A student must describe a habitual action. Which sentence is correct?

  1. She likes coffee.
  2. She is liking coffee.
  3. She liked coffee every day now.
  4. She will likes coffee.

Una acción habitual y un verbo de estado (like) se expresan en present simple: "She likes coffee".

33. Read the notice: "TURN OFF THE LIGHTS WHEN YOU LEAVE THE ROOM." What does the notice ask you to do?

  1. Switch off the lights before leaving
  2. Leave the lights on all night
  3. Open the windows
  4. Lock the door

"Turn off" significa apagar; el aviso pide apagar las luces al salir de la habitación. La comprensión lectora A2 incluye entender avisos públicos sencillos.

34. Read: "The shop is open from Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Closed on Sundays." When is the shop closed?

  1. On Sundays
  2. On Mondays
  3. At 9 a.m.
  4. From Monday to Friday

Localizar información específica (scanning) es una microhabilidad A2: el texto dice "Closed on Sundays".

35. Read the message: "Hi Tom, I can't come to the meeting tomorrow. I'm ill. Sorry. Anna." Why can't Anna come?

  1. Because she is ill
  2. Because she is busy
  3. Because she is on holiday
  4. Because she forgot

Identificar información específica en un mensaje breve es una habilidad A2: Anna no puede ir porque está enferma ("I'm ill").

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